乡村品牌建设产(chan)业(ye)(ye)融(rong)合引(yin)领乡村产(chan)业(ye)(ye)高质量(liang)发(fa)(fa)展,近(jin)年(nian)来,各(ge)地在推进乡村品(pin)牌建设(she)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)发(fa)(fa)展中,创(chuang)新(xin)(xin)思路,加(jia)大力度,跨界(jie)配置(zhi)农业(ye)(ye)与(yu)(yu)(yu)现(xian)代产(chan)业(ye)(ye)要素(su)(su),促进农业(ye)(ye)越过界(jie)面,与(yu)(yu)(yu)关联(lian)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)高位(wei)嫁接、交(jiao)叉重组、渗透(tou)融(rong)合,催生出(chu)了(le)大量(liang)的新(xin)(xin)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)业(ye)(ye)态新(xin)(xin)模式,形成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)模式推进、多(duo)(duo)(duo)主体参与(yu)(yu)(yu)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)机制联(lian)结、多(duo)(duo)(duo)要素(su)(su)发(fa)(fa)力、多(duo)(duo)(duo)业(ye)(ye)态打造的格局,为引(yin)领乡村产(chan)业(ye)(ye)转型升级提供了(le)引(yin)领和驱动力量(liang)。
(一)融合主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)不断壮(zhuang)大(da)。一大(da)批新(xin)型经营(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)向全产(chan)业(ye)(ye)链全价值链方向发(fa)展,形成(cheng)龙(long)头(tou)企业(ye)(ye)引(yin)领(ling)、新(xin)型经营(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)为主(zhu)(zhu)、广大(da)农民广泛(fan)参与(yu)的融合格(ge)局(ju)。截至(zhi)2018年底,各类(lei)新(xin)型经营(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)350万(wan)家,其中农业(ye)(ye)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)化龙(long)头(tou)企业(ye)(ye)8.7万(wan)家。返乡(xiang)下乡(xiang)双创人员(yuan)累计达到780万(wan)人,其中82%创办了融合类(lei)项目(mu)。
(二)融合(he)(he)业(ye)(ye)(ye)态丰富多(duo)样。乡村呈(cheng)现出(chu)“农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)+”多(duo)业(ye)(ye)(ye)态的融合(he)(he)发(fa)展趋(qu)势。“种植+”林牧渔(yu),形(xing)成(cheng)循环型(xing)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)。“农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)+”加工流通,形(xing)成(cheng)延伸型(xing)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)。“农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)+”文化、教(jiao)育、旅游(you)、康养等产(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye),形(xing)成(cheng)体验型(xing)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)。“农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)+”信息产(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye),形(xing)成(cheng)智慧(hui)型(xing)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye),被描述(shu)为“人在(zai)(zai)干、云在(zai)(zai)转、数在(zai)(zai)算(suan)、面朝屏幕(mu)背朝云”。
(三)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)模式持续创新(xin)。农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“内(nei)向(xiang)”融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)催生(sheng)了“林下养(yang)鸡”“稻田(tian)养(yang)鱼(虾(xia)、蟹)”“鸭稻共生(sheng)”等业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)态,稻渔综合(he)(he)体达(da)到(dao)3000万(wan)(wan)亩。产(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)延伸“顺(shun)向(xiang)”融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)催生(sheng)了主(zhu)(zhu)食工厂(chang)化、中央(yang)厨房、农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)商(shang)直供等,目(mu)前(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)食加(jia)工业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)营业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收入达(da)到(dao)2万(wan)(wan)亿元。功能拓展“横向(xiang)”融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he),催生(sheng)了创意农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、教育农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)园、乡村民(min)宿等。信息技术“逆向(xiang)”融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he),催生(sheng)了数字农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、智慧农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)众筹等。农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)与城镇的“万(wan)(wan)向(xiang)”融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he),催生(sheng)了产(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)强镇、美(mei)丽乡村、田(tian)园综合(he)(he)体等.农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)与各产(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“多向(xiang)”融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he),目(mu)前(qian),国家农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)产(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)园62个,农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)产(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)强镇552个,各类乡村产(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)园1万(wan)(wan)多个。
(四)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)机制更加多元。企业与各(ge)类经营主体(ti)建立了契约式(shi)、分红式(shi)、股(gu)权式(shi)等多种紧密利益联(lian)(lian)结机制,将产(chan)业链各(ge)主体(ti)打造成(cheng)为风(feng)险共(gong)担(dan)、利益共(gong)享、命运(yun)与共(gong)的联(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)(he)体(ti)。探(tan)索出(chu)农民“流转获租金、打工(gong)挣薪金、经营赚现金、入(ru)股(gu)得(de)股(gu)金”的“一地生四金”模式(shi)。初(chu)步(bu)测算,产(chan)业融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)使农户经营收(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)加了67%,采取订单方式(shi)带(dai)动(dong)农户的占55%。一些(xie)地方通(tong)过推动(dong)产(chan)业融(rong)合(he)(he)(he),有力带(dai)动(dong)农民脱贫。
(五)融合(he)成效显著增加(jia)(jia)。目前我国乡村(cun)特色(se)产(chan)业品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)达10万余个,打造了一批“独一份”“特别特”“好中(zhong)优”的品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)。农(nong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工企(qi)业7.9万家(jia),规模以(yi)上农(nong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工企(qi)业主营业务(wu)收(shou)(shou)入达14.9万亿元(yuan)。乡村(cun)休闲旅游营业收(shou)(shou)入达8000多亿元(yuan),接待游客(ke)达30亿人次。农(nong)业生产(chan)性服务(wu)业营业收(shou)(shou)入超过2000亿元(yuan),农(nong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)网络零售额达1.3万亿元(yuan)。
如(ru)今,在(zai)广袤乡(xiang)村,乡(xiang)村品牌建设产业融合(he)发展(zhan)正(zheng)成为一种大趋势,各方正(zheng)在(zai)加紧持续不断推进(jin),释放出三次产业融合(he)的(de)乘数效应,为乡(xiang)村产业转型升级(ji)提供源源不断的(de)新动能。